{"id":1402,"date":"2021-03-15T10:27:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-15T09:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/?p=1402"},"modified":"2021-03-17T16:09:46","modified_gmt":"2021-03-17T15:09:46","slug":"led-zarovky-vse-co-o-nich-potrebujete-vedet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/led-zarovky-vse-co-o-nich-potrebujete-vedet\/","title":{"rendered":"LED \u017e\u00e1rovky \u2013 v\u0161e, co o nich pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>S&nbsp;LED \u017e\u00e1rovkami se denn\u011b potk\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina z&nbsp;n\u00e1s. Od roku 2009 za\u010daly v&nbsp;platnost vstupovat regulace ze strany EU, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly za c\u00edl postupn\u011b vytla\u010dit klasick\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovky. D\u016fvod byl jednoduch\u00fd: technologie LED je mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e co se spot\u0159eby energie t\u00fd\u010de, tak i z&nbsp;hlediska doby \u017eivotnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>N\u011bco z&nbsp;historie<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 LEDky byly k&nbsp;dispozici ji\u017e <strong>po roce 1980<\/strong>. Tehdy \u0161lo ale o \u010derven\u00e9 diody. Modrou LEDku pak v&nbsp;devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech vyvinul japonsk\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr Shuji Nakamura, kter\u00fd byl za tento po\u010din mimo jin\u00e9 ocen\u011bn <strong>Nobelovou cenou za fyziku<\/strong>. Ten stejn\u00fd v\u011bdec n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyvinul LEDku, kter\u00e1 um\u011bla produkovat sv\u011btlo, kter\u00e9 bylo sv\u00fdm odst\u00ednem podobn\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9mu. Z&nbsp;t\u00e9to varianty pak vedla dal\u0161\u00ed evoluce a\u017e k&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00edm LED \u017e\u00e1rovk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody LED \u017e\u00e1rovek<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;podstat\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee LED \u017e\u00e1rovky nemaj\u00ed oproti klasick\u00fdm vl\u00e1knov\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1rovk\u00e1m \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 negativum, snad jen nepatrn\u011b <strong>vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je v\u0161ak vykoupena <strong>mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch LED \u017e\u00e1rovek stanovena na <strong>minim\u00e1ln\u011b 15.000 hodin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je n\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba energie a s&nbsp;n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed vysok\u00e1 sv\u011bteln\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost. Ta se u klasick\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovky pohybuje na hranici 12 lm\/W, zat\u00edmco u modern\u00edch LED \u017e\u00e1rovek dosahuje <strong>a\u017e 130 lm\/W<\/strong>. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, tato jednotka ud\u00e1v\u00e1, kolik sv\u011btla v Lumenech z\u00edsk\u00e1me ze sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho zdroje za pou\u017eit\u00ed jednoho Wattu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e bychom tedy cht\u011bli, aby LED \u017e\u00e1rovka sv\u00edtila stejn\u011b, jako klasick\u00e1 <strong>100 W \u017e\u00e1rovka<\/strong>, posta\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1m <strong>LED o v\u00fdkonu 15 W<\/strong>. Klasickou <strong>60 W \u017e\u00e1rovku<\/strong> pak nahrad\u00ed LED o <strong>v\u00fdkonu 9 &#8211; 10 W<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro n\u00e1zornost jsme porovnali <strong>n\u00e1vratnost investice<\/strong> do LED \u017e\u00e1rovky. Po\u010d\u00edtali jsme s pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi po\u0159izovac\u00edmi cenami a sazbou 4.5 K\u010d za kWh. Pokud byste \u017e\u00e1rovku pou\u017e\u00edvali <strong>5 hodin <\/strong>ka\u017ed\u00fd den, <strong>rozd\u00edl v po\u0159izovac\u00ed cen\u011b pokryjete zhruba za jeden m\u011bs\u00edc.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Sv\u011bteln\u00fd zdroj<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Po\u0159izovac\u00ed cena<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Spot\u0159eba<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Cena za kWh<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>N\u00e1klady na 500 hodin provozu<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Klasick\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1rovka 60 W<\/td><td>15 K\u010d<\/td><td>0.06 kW\/hod.<\/td><td>4.5 K\u010d<\/td><td>135 K\u010d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LED \u017e\u00e1rovka 10 W<\/td><td>40 K\u010d<\/td><td>0.01 kW\/hod.<\/td><td>4.5 K\u010d<\/td><td>22.5 K\u010d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f provoz klasick\u00e9 a LED \u017e\u00e1rovky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdhodou LED \u017e\u00e1rovek je taky fakt, \u017ee ihned po jej\u00edm zapnut\u00ed je k&nbsp;dispozici jej\u00ed <strong>pln\u00e1 sv\u00edtivost<\/strong>. Nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed tedy k&nbsp;postupn\u00e9mu rozsv\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je u klasick\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1rovek zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bno t\u00edm, \u017ee aby sv\u00edtila, je pot\u0159eba roz\u017ehavit vl\u00e1kno. Kdy\u017e u\u017e jsme u toho \u017ehaven\u00ed, LED \u017e\u00e1rovky se oproti t\u011bm klasick\u00fdm <strong>v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b zah\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed<\/strong> (pr\u00e1v\u011b ono zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje n\u00edzkou efektivitu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LED \u017e\u00e1rovky jsou rovn\u011b\u017e <strong>m\u00e9n\u011b citliv\u00e9 na po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/strong> p\u0159i manipulaci, proto\u017ee zde nehroz\u00ed riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed vl\u00e1kna. D\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00e9 technologii nab\u00edzej\u00ed LED \u017e\u00e1rovky tak\u00e9 velkou variabilitu, co se t\u00fd\u010de jejich tvaru. Samotn\u00e1 LED dioda, kter\u00e1 produkuje sv\u011btlo, nen\u00ed prostorov\u011b ani konstruk\u010dn\u011b tak n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 na prostor, jako tomu je u klasick\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1rovek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je velkou v\u00fdhodou LEDek d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00e9 technologii mo\u017enost <strong>dosa\u017een\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho barevn\u00e9ho odst\u00ednu<\/strong>. N\u011bkter\u00e9 LED \u017e\u00e1rovky tak dokonce m\u016f\u017eete ovl\u00e1dat p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fdm ovlada\u010dem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b chytr\u00fdm telefonem a snadno si nastavit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed barvu sv\u011btla, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b sv\u011bteln\u00fd efekt (blik\u00e1n\u00ed, plynul\u00fd p\u0159echod barev, pohas\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed atd.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/retlux.cz\/getattachment\/b2993e50-88f6-42cd-9dfa-d98db61b841a\/RLL-286.aspx\" alt=\"LED \u017e\u00e1rovka\" width=\"171\" height=\"326\"\/><figcaption>LED \u017e\u00e1rovka<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Aby LED \u017e\u00e1rovka pasovala<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ed koup\u00ed LED \u017e\u00e1rovky je nutno zjistit, jak\u00fd typ patice budete pot\u0159ebovat. Vybrali jsme <strong>\u010dty\u0159i nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <\/strong>patice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>E27<\/strong> &#8211; Klasick\u00fd velk\u00fd z\u00e1vit E27 je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zn\u00e1t ho tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete pod n\u00e1zvem &#8222;<strong>Edison\u016fv z\u00e1vit<\/strong>&#8220; \u2013 podle toho je v n\u00e1zvu p\u00edsmeno E, \u010d\u00edslo 27 ud\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011br v milimetrech.<\/li><li><strong>E14<\/strong> &#8211; Druh\u00fd nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je klasick\u00fd mal\u00fd z\u00e1vit o pr\u016fm\u011bru 14 mm. B\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou pou\u017eit v \u017e\u00e1rovk\u00e1ch <strong>s&nbsp;ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkonem<\/strong> a obvykle jsou tyto modely pou\u017eity v&nbsp;dekora\u010dn\u00edch sv\u00edtidlech, lamp\u00e1ch nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad v&nbsp;digesto\u0159\u00edch.<\/li><li><strong>G4<\/strong> &#8211; Jedn\u00e1 se o patice o dvou pinech s rozte\u010d\u00ed 4 mm, kter\u00e1 se do sv\u00edtidla <strong>pouze zasunuje<\/strong>. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se u LED \u017e\u00e1rovek s nap\u011bt\u00edm 12 V pro osv\u011btlen\u00ed koupelnov\u00fdch sk\u0159\u00edn\u011bk, zrcadel, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 linky nebo t\u0159eba sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch podhled\u016f.<\/li><li><strong>G9<\/strong> &#8211; Tuto patici tvo\u0159\u00ed dva ploch\u00e9 piny s rozte\u010d\u00ed 9 mm a pracuje s&nbsp;nap\u011bt\u00edm 230 V. \u017d\u00e1rovka se do n\u00ed pouze zasune. Je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v modern\u00edch designov\u00fdch sv\u00edtidlech, mal\u00fdch bodov\u00fdch sv\u00edtidlech nebo t\u0159eba ve stoln\u00edch lamp\u00e1ch.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"574\" height=\"106\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/image-1.png 574w, https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/image-1-300x55.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px\" \/><figcaption>P\u0159ehled patic LED \u017e\u00e1rovek<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Barevn\u00e1 teplota sv\u011btla<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento parametr ur\u010duje barvu b\u00edl\u00e9ho sv\u011btla neboli jeho teplotu. Barevn\u00e1 teplota se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v <strong>Kelvinech<\/strong> (K). LED sv\u011bteln\u00e9 zdroje obvykle vyza\u0159uj\u00ed sv\u011btlo v <strong>rozmez\u00ed 3000 \u2013 6500 K<\/strong>. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se setk\u00e1me s pojmy <strong>tepl\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1<\/strong> (2800 \u2013 3500 K), <strong>denn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e1<\/strong> (4000 \u2013 5000 K) a <strong>studen\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1<\/strong> (5500 \u2013 6500 K). V\u0161eobecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm je hodnota v Kelvinech ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm je sv\u011btlo v\u00edce do \u017eluta, tedy teplej\u0161\u00ed. Naopak \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, t\u00edm v\u00edce do modra, tedy je studen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"523\" height=\"72\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/spektrumled.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/spektrumled.png 523w, https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/spektrumled-300x41.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\" \/><figcaption>\u0160k\u00e1la odst\u00edn\u016f zabarven\u00ed sv\u011btla LED \u017e\u00e1rovek<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou jsou pak <strong>\u017e\u00e1rovky RGB<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 um\u00ed \u201enam\u00edchat\u201c odst\u00edn p\u0159esn\u011b dle po\u017eadavk\u016f d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed diod t\u0159ech barev (\u010derven\u00e9, zelen\u00e1 a modr\u00e1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tepl\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1<\/strong> se d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu charakteru hod\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm do ob\u00fdvac\u00edho pokoje, d\u011btsk\u00e9ho pokoje nebo t\u0159eba do koupelny. <strong>Denn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e1<\/strong> je vhodn\u00e1 pro osv\u011btlen\u00ed kuchyn\u011b, vitr\u00edn, expozic, pracoven nebo komer\u010dn\u00edch prostor. <strong>Studen\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1<\/strong> se nejl\u00e9pe uplatn\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch a d\u00edln\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.exasoft.cz\/dum-a-zahrada-domacnost-osvetleni-led-zarovky_c2742703.html\">Z&nbsp;nab\u00eddky LED \u017e\u00e1rovek m\u016f\u017eete vyb\u00edrat zde &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S&nbsp;LED \u017e\u00e1rovkami se denn\u011b potk\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina z&nbsp;n\u00e1s. Od roku 2009 za\u010daly v&nbsp;platnost vstupovat regulace ze strany EU, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly za c\u00edl postupn\u011b vytla\u010dit klasick\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovky. D\u016fvod byl jednoduch\u00fd: technologie LED je mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e co se spot\u0159eby energie t\u00fd\u010de, tak i z&nbsp;hlediska doby \u017eivotnosti. N\u011bco z&nbsp;historie Prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00e9 LEDky byly k&nbsp;dispozici ji\u017e po [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prakticke-tipy","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1402"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1402"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1402\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1424,"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1402\/revisions\/1424"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.exasoft.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}